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Lars Eklundh

Professor

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Global maps of soil temperature

Författare

  • Jonas J. Lembrechts
  • Johan van den Hoogen
  • Juha Aalto
  • Michael B. Ashcroft
  • Pieter De Frenne
  • Julia Kemppinen
  • Martin Kopecký
  • Miska Luoto
  • Ilya M.D. Maclean
  • Thomas W. Crowther
  • Joseph J. Bailey
  • Stef Haesen
  • David H. Klinges
  • Pekka Niittynen
  • Brett R. Scheffers
  • Koenraad Van Meerbeek
  • Peter Aartsma
  • Otar Abdalaze
  • Mehdi Abedi
  • Rien Aerts
  • Negar Ahmadian
  • Antje Ahrends
  • Juha M. Alatalo
  • Jake M. Alexander
  • Camille Nina Allonsius
  • Jan Altman
  • Christof Ammann
  • Christian Andres
  • Christopher Andrews
  • Jonas Ardö
  • Nicola Arriga
  • Alberto Arzac
  • Valeria Aschero
  • Rafael L. Assis
  • Jakob Johann Assmann
  • Maaike Y. Bader
  • Khadijeh Bahalkeh
  • Peter Barančok
  • Isabel C. Barrio
  • Nina Buchmann
  • Lars Eklundh
  • Marcin Antoni Jackowicz-Korczynski
  • Julia Kelly
  • Natascha Kljun
  • Keith Larson
  • Mats B. Nilsson
  • Øystein H. Opedal
  • David P. Siqueira
  • Christian Stiegler
  • Torbern Tagesson
  • Jonathan Lenoir

Summary, in English

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Avdelning/ar

  • Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap
  • BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate
  • MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system
  • Centrum för miljö- och klimatvetenskap (CEC)
  • Artbildning, anpassning och samevolution
  • Biodiversity

Publiceringsår

2022

Språk

Engelska

Sidor

3110-3144

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

Global Change Biology

Volym

28

Issue

9

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

Wiley-Blackwell

Ämne

  • Physical Geography
  • Climate Research

Nyckelord

  • bioclimatic variables
  • global maps
  • microclimate
  • near-surface temperatures
  • soil temperature
  • soil-dwelling organisms
  • temperature offset
  • weather stations

Aktiv

Published

Forskningsgrupp

  • Speciation, Adaptation and Coevolution

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 1354-1013