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Zhengyao Lu

Researcher

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Simulating dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol formation over northern Africa during the mid-Holocene Green Sahara period

Author

  • Putian Zhou
  • Zhengyao Lu
  • Jukka Pekka Keskinen
  • Qiong Zhang
  • Juha Lento
  • Jianpu Bian
  • Twan van Noije
  • Philippe Le Sager
  • Veli Matti Kerminen
  • Markku Kulmala
  • Michael Boy
  • Risto Makkonen
Show all

Summary, in English

Paleo-proxy data indicate that a “Green Sahara” thrived in northern Africa during the early- to mid-Holocene (MH; 11 000 to 5000 years before present), characterized by more vegetation cover and reduced dust emissions. Utilizing a state-of-the-art atmospheric chemical transport model, TM5-MP, we assessed the changes in biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions, dust emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) concentrations in northern Africa during this period relative to the pre-industrial (PI) period. Our simulations show that dust emissions reduced from 280.6 Tg a−1 in the PI to 26.8 Tg a−1 in the MH, agreeing with indications from eight marine sediment records in the Atlantic Ocean. The northward expansion in northern Africa resulted in an increase in annual emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes during the MH, around 4.3 and 3.5 times higher than that in the PI period, respectively, causing a 1.9-times increase in the SOA surface concentration. Concurrently, enhanced BVOC emissions consumed more hydroxyl radical (OH), resulting in less sulfate formation. This effect counteracted the enhanced SOA surface concentration, altogether leading to a 17 % increase in the cloud condensation nuclei at 0.2 % super saturation over northern Africa. Our simulations provide consistent emission datasets of BVOCs, dust and the SOA formation aligned with the northward shift of vegetation during the “Green Sahara” period, which could serve as a benchmark for MH aerosol input in future Earth system model simulation experiments.

Department/s

  • BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate
  • MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system
  • Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science

Publishing year

2023-12-05

Language

English

Pages

2445-2462

Publication/Series

Climate of the Past

Volume

19

Issue

12

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

Copernicus GmbH

Topic

  • Climate Research

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1814-9324