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Andreas Persson

Universitetslektor

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Future Swedish 3D City Models : Specifications, Test Data, and Evaluation

Författare

  • Maria Uggla
  • Perola Olsson
  • Barzan Abdi
  • Björn Axelsson
  • Matthew Calvert
  • Ulrika Christensen
  • Daniel Gardevärn
  • Gabriel Hirsch
  • Eric Jeansson
  • Zuhret Kadric
  • Jonas Lord
  • Axel Loreman
  • Andreas Persson
  • Ola Setterby
  • Maria Sjöberger
  • Paul Stewart
  • Andreas Rudenå
  • Andreas Ahlström
  • Mikael Bauner
  • Kendall Hartman
  • Karolina Pantazatou
  • Wenjing Liu
  • Hongchao Fan
  • Gefei Kong
  • Hang Li
  • Lars Harrie
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Summary, in English

Three-dimensional city models are increasingly being used for analyses and simulations. To enable such applications, it is necessary to standardise semantically richer city models and, in some cases, to connect the models with external data sources. In this study, we describe the development of a new Swedish specification for 3D city models, denoted as 3CIM, which is a joint effort between the three largest cities in Sweden—Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmö. Technically, 3CIM is an extension of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0, implemented as an application domain extension (ADE). The ADE is semantically thin, mainly extending CityGML 2.0 to harmonise with national standards; in contrast, 3CIM is mainly based on linkages to external databases, registers, and operational systems for the semantic part. The current version, 3CIM 1.0, includes various themes, including Bridge, Building, Utility, City Furniture, Transportation, Tunnel, Vegetation, and Water. Three test areas were created with 3CIM data, one in each city. These data were evaluated in several use-cases, including visualisation as well as daylight, noise, and flooding simulations. The conclusion from these use-cases is that the 3CIM data, together with the linked external data sources, allow for the inclusion of the necessary information for the visualisation and simulations, but extract, transform, and load (ETL) processes are required to tailor the input data. The next step is to implement 3CIM within the three cities, which will entail several challenges, as discussed at the end of the paper.

Avdelning/ar

  • eSSENCE: The e-Science Collaboration
  • Institutionen för naturgeografi och ekosystemvetenskap
  • BECC: Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate
  • Centrum för geografiska informationssystem (GIS-centrum)

Publiceringsår

2023

Språk

Engelska

Publikation/Tidskrift/Serie

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information

Volym

12

Issue

2

Dokumenttyp

Artikel i tidskrift

Förlag

MDPI AG

Ämne

  • Other Computer and Information Science

Nyckelord

  • 3D city models
  • CityGML
  • standardisation
  • simulations
  • ADE

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Övrigt

  • ISSN: 2220-9964