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Vaughan Phillips

Research in the Area of Clouds, Aerosols and Climate

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The Anatomy and Physics of Z(DR) Columns: Investigating a Polarimetric Radar Signature with a Spectral Bin Microphysical Model

Author

  • Matthew R. Kumjian
  • Alexander P. Khain
  • Nir Benmoshe
  • Eyal Ilotoviz
  • Alexander V. Ryzhkov
  • Vaughan Phillips

Summary, in English

Polarimetric radar observations of deep convective storms frequently reveal columnar enhancements of differential reflectivity Z(DR). Such "Z(DR) columns" can extend upward more than 3 km above the environmental 0 C level, indicative of supercooled liquid drops being lofted by the updraft. Previous observational and modeling studies of Z(DR) columns are reviewed. To address remaining questions, the Hebrew University Cloud Model, an advanced spectral bin microphysical model, is coupled with a polarimetric radar operator to simulate the formation and life cycle of Z(DR) columns in a deep convective continental storm. In doing so, the mechanisms by which Z(DR) columns are produced are clarified, including the formation of large raindrops in the updraft by recirculation of smaller raindrops formed aloft back into the updraft at low levels. The internal hydrometeor structure of Z(DR) columns is quantified, revealing the transition from supercooled liquid drops to freezing drops to hail with height in the Z(DR) column. The life cycle of Z(DR) columns from early formation, through growth to maturity, to demise is described, showing how hail falling out through the weakening or ascending updraft bubble dominates the reflectivity factor Z(H), causing the death of the Z(DR) column and leaving behind its "ghost" of supercooled drops. In addition, the practical applications of Z(DR) columns and their evolution are explored.. The height of the Z(DR) column is correlated with updraft strength, and the evolution of Z(DR) column height is correlated with increases in Z(H) and hail mass content at the ground after a lag of 10-15 min.

Department/s

  • Dept of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science
  • MERGE: ModElling the Regional and Global Earth system

Publishing year

2014

Language

English

Pages

1820-1843

Publication/Series

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

Volume

53

Issue

7

Document type

Journal article

Publisher

Amer Meteorological Soc

Topic

  • Physical Geography

Status

Published

ISBN/ISSN/Other

  • ISSN: 1558-8424